Post by Nadica (She/Her) on Oct 15, 2024 2:06:29 GMT
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients, 2020 to 2022 - Published Oct 14, 2024
Key Points
Question
Is a COVID-19 diagnosis associated with increased incident diagnoses of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents?
Findings
In this retrospective cohort study of 613 602 patients aged 10 to 19 years, there was an increased risk of new diagnoses of type 2 diabetes within 6 months following a diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with a diagnosis of other respiratory infections.
Meaning
These findings suggest that understanding the role that SARS-CoV-2 plays in pediatric type 2 diabetes incidence will add an important component to consideration of the risks and benefits of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Abstract
Importance
In adults, diagnoses of new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased following diagnosis with COVID-19, but whether this occurs in children is unclear.
Objective
To determine whether risk of incident T2D diagnosis is increased during the 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among children.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX analytics platforms between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Pediatric patients aged 10 to 19 years without preexisting diabetes were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed from August 15 to September 15, 2023, with supplemental analyses January 20 and August 8 to 13, 2024.
Exposures
Diagnosis of COVID-19 or a non–COVID-19 respiratory infection.
Main Outcomes and Measures
New diagnosis of T2D compared by risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs at 1, 3, and 6 months after index infection.
Results
The main study population included 613 602 patients, consisting of 306 801 with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.8% female) and 306 801 with other respiratory infections (ORIs) but no documented COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.6% female) after propensity score matching. Risk of a new diagnosis of T2D was significantly increased from day of infection to 1, 3, and 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis compared with the matched cohort with ORIs (RR at 1 month, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.28-1.89]; RR at 3 months: 1.48 [95% CI, 1.24-1.76]; RR at 6 months: 1.58 [95% CI, 1.35-1.85]). Similar results were found in the subpopulation classified as having overweight or obesity (RR at 1 month: 2.07 [95% CI, 1.12-3.83]; RR at 3 months: 2.00 [95% CI, 1.15-3.47]; RR at 6 months: 2.27 [95% CI, 1.38-3.75]) and the hospitalized subpopulation (RR at 1 month: 3.10 [95% CI, 2.04-4.71]; RR at 3 months: 2.74 [95% CI, 1.90-3.96]; RR at 6 months: 2.62 [95% CI, 1.87-3.66]). Similar elevation in risk was found at 3 and 6 months when excluding patients diagnosed during the interval from the index date to 1 month after infection.
Conclusions and Relevance
In this retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, the risk of an incident diagnosis of T2D was greater following a COVID-19 diagnosis than in children diagnosed with ORIs. Further study is required to determine whether diabetes persists or reverses later in life.
Key Points
Question
Is a COVID-19 diagnosis associated with increased incident diagnoses of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents?
Findings
In this retrospective cohort study of 613 602 patients aged 10 to 19 years, there was an increased risk of new diagnoses of type 2 diabetes within 6 months following a diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with a diagnosis of other respiratory infections.
Meaning
These findings suggest that understanding the role that SARS-CoV-2 plays in pediatric type 2 diabetes incidence will add an important component to consideration of the risks and benefits of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Abstract
Importance
In adults, diagnoses of new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased following diagnosis with COVID-19, but whether this occurs in children is unclear.
Objective
To determine whether risk of incident T2D diagnosis is increased during the 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among children.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX analytics platforms between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Pediatric patients aged 10 to 19 years without preexisting diabetes were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed from August 15 to September 15, 2023, with supplemental analyses January 20 and August 8 to 13, 2024.
Exposures
Diagnosis of COVID-19 or a non–COVID-19 respiratory infection.
Main Outcomes and Measures
New diagnosis of T2D compared by risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs at 1, 3, and 6 months after index infection.
Results
The main study population included 613 602 patients, consisting of 306 801 with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.8% female) and 306 801 with other respiratory infections (ORIs) but no documented COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.6% female) after propensity score matching. Risk of a new diagnosis of T2D was significantly increased from day of infection to 1, 3, and 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis compared with the matched cohort with ORIs (RR at 1 month, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.28-1.89]; RR at 3 months: 1.48 [95% CI, 1.24-1.76]; RR at 6 months: 1.58 [95% CI, 1.35-1.85]). Similar results were found in the subpopulation classified as having overweight or obesity (RR at 1 month: 2.07 [95% CI, 1.12-3.83]; RR at 3 months: 2.00 [95% CI, 1.15-3.47]; RR at 6 months: 2.27 [95% CI, 1.38-3.75]) and the hospitalized subpopulation (RR at 1 month: 3.10 [95% CI, 2.04-4.71]; RR at 3 months: 2.74 [95% CI, 1.90-3.96]; RR at 6 months: 2.62 [95% CI, 1.87-3.66]). Similar elevation in risk was found at 3 and 6 months when excluding patients diagnosed during the interval from the index date to 1 month after infection.
Conclusions and Relevance
In this retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, the risk of an incident diagnosis of T2D was greater following a COVID-19 diagnosis than in children diagnosed with ORIs. Further study is required to determine whether diabetes persists or reverses later in life.