Post by Nadica (She/Her) on Sept 17, 2024 2:41:34 GMT
PCV13 Provides Protection Against COVID-19 in Vaccinated Adults - Published Sept 16, 2024
By Paul Basilio
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is associated with modest additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults who have received at least 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, especially those expected to have weaker immune responses to SARS-VoV-2 infection, according to study findings published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Investigators conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study between January 2021 and December 2022 to better understand the potential impact of PCV13 on COVID-19-related outcomes in populations with prevalent immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Adults aged 65 years and older in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health care system who had received at least 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were eligible for inclusion, regardless of their PCV13 vaccination status. The primary outcome was confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcomes included COVID-19-related hospital admissions and deaths. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risk for each outcome among recipients vs nonrecipients of PCV13.
A total of 357,580 individuals were enrolled in the study, 303,085 (84.8%) of whom received PCV13 at any point.
Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95) following receipt of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98) following at least 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses.
Corresponding estimates of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections averted due to PCV13 were 3.9 (95% CI, 2.6-5.3) and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.0-4.9) per 100 person-years following receipt of at least 2 and 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses, respectively.
Following the receipt of 2, 3, and at least 4 COVID-19 vaccine doses, aHRs for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.97), and 0.99 (0.93-1.04), respectively. Incidence averted by PCV13 following receipt of 2, 3, and at least 4 COVID-19 vaccine doses amounted to 4.7 (95% CI, 3.3-6.3), 3.5 (95% CI, 1.5-5.6), and 1.1 (95% CI, -3.2 to 5.6) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100 person-years, respectively.
For recipients of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses who had not received any COVID-19 vaccine within 6 months, the aHR for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86-0.93). Among individuals who had received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose within the previous 6 months, the corresponding aHR was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98).
Corresponding estimates of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections averted due to PCV13 for recipients of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses were 6.8 (95% CI, 4.3-9.2) and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.9-3.5) per 100 person-years within periods longer than 6 months and 6 months or shorter after receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine dose, respectively.
Among those who received at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses without documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the aHR for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94). In patients who experienced at least 1 prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the corresponding aHR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.90-1.12).
Study limitations include its retrospective nature, possible residual confounding, and potential bias.
“Studies uncovering pathways of viral-bacterial interaction remain an important priority to understand mechanisms by which PCVs may impact risk of virus-associated disease outcomes, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may inform integrated prevention approaches for respiratory illnesses,” the investigators concluded.
Disclosure: This research was supported by Pfizer. Some study authors declared affiliations with biotech, pharmaceutical, and/or device companies. Please see the original references for a full list of authors’ disclosures.
Study Link: academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae387/7727478?login=false
By Paul Basilio
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is associated with modest additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults who have received at least 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, especially those expected to have weaker immune responses to SARS-VoV-2 infection, according to study findings published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Investigators conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study between January 2021 and December 2022 to better understand the potential impact of PCV13 on COVID-19-related outcomes in populations with prevalent immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Adults aged 65 years and older in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health care system who had received at least 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were eligible for inclusion, regardless of their PCV13 vaccination status. The primary outcome was confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcomes included COVID-19-related hospital admissions and deaths. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risk for each outcome among recipients vs nonrecipients of PCV13.
A total of 357,580 individuals were enrolled in the study, 303,085 (84.8%) of whom received PCV13 at any point.
Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95) following receipt of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98) following at least 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses.
Corresponding estimates of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections averted due to PCV13 were 3.9 (95% CI, 2.6-5.3) and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.0-4.9) per 100 person-years following receipt of at least 2 and 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses, respectively.
Following the receipt of 2, 3, and at least 4 COVID-19 vaccine doses, aHRs for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.97), and 0.99 (0.93-1.04), respectively. Incidence averted by PCV13 following receipt of 2, 3, and at least 4 COVID-19 vaccine doses amounted to 4.7 (95% CI, 3.3-6.3), 3.5 (95% CI, 1.5-5.6), and 1.1 (95% CI, -3.2 to 5.6) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100 person-years, respectively.
For recipients of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses who had not received any COVID-19 vaccine within 6 months, the aHR for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86-0.93). Among individuals who had received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose within the previous 6 months, the corresponding aHR was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98).
Corresponding estimates of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections averted due to PCV13 for recipients of at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses were 6.8 (95% CI, 4.3-9.2) and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.9-3.5) per 100 person-years within periods longer than 6 months and 6 months or shorter after receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine dose, respectively.
Among those who received at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses without documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the aHR for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients with nonrecipients was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94). In patients who experienced at least 1 prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the corresponding aHR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.90-1.12).
Study limitations include its retrospective nature, possible residual confounding, and potential bias.
“Studies uncovering pathways of viral-bacterial interaction remain an important priority to understand mechanisms by which PCVs may impact risk of virus-associated disease outcomes, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may inform integrated prevention approaches for respiratory illnesses,” the investigators concluded.
Disclosure: This research was supported by Pfizer. Some study authors declared affiliations with biotech, pharmaceutical, and/or device companies. Please see the original references for a full list of authors’ disclosures.
Study Link: academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae387/7727478?login=false