Post by Nadica (She/Her) on Sept 16, 2024 2:09:36 GMT
Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection - Published July 23, 2024
Highlights
• XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit similar but high resistance to neutralization
• Nearly 60% of individuals were reinfected during periods of XBB/EG.5.1 predominance
• Antibody wanes within 6 months, but additional infection improves the antibody response
• Similar binding and neutralizing antibody responses are induced in older and younger adults
Summary
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.
Graphical abstract
Highlights
• XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit similar but high resistance to neutralization
• Nearly 60% of individuals were reinfected during periods of XBB/EG.5.1 predominance
• Antibody wanes within 6 months, but additional infection improves the antibody response
• Similar binding and neutralizing antibody responses are induced in older and younger adults
Summary
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.
Graphical abstract